vim

This is a learning notes of 《vimbook-OPL.pdf》

Basic Command:¶

command	description
:help	get help. You can also use \<F1>.
h,j,k,l	move cursor to left,down,up,right
2h	an example to move cursor to left 2 character. use \<n>h/j/k/l to move faster
o	open new line below cursor
O	open new line above cursor
a	append
3a5\<Esc>	an example to append '555'. similarly, command 3x will delete 3 characters.
i	insert
ZZ	save and close
ctrl+]	jump to tag
ctrl+T	pop a tag off the tag stack. (go back to location before jump tag.)
dd	cut line into vim clipboard.
dw	cut a word
d3w	cut three words

Edit A Little Faster¶

command	description
w	move cursor forward one word
b	move cursor back one word
2w	move cursor forward two word
$, \<End>	move cursor to end of line
^	move cursor to first nonblank character of the line
\<Home>	move cursor to first character of the line
2$	move cursor to end of next line
\<kHome>	move cursor to first character of current line
f\<x>	forward search character \<x>.
5f\<x>	forward move cursor to fifth character \<x> of current line
F\<x>	back search character \<x>.
t\<x>	forward search character \<x> but move cursor before the character \<x>
T\<x>	back search character \<x> but move cursor after the character \<x>
3G	move cursor to the 3^rd line
:set nu	show line number
:set nonu	don't show line number
ctrl+G	displays a status line that indicates where you are in the file
ctrl+U	scrolls up half a screen of text
ctrl+D	scrolls down half a screen of text
d$, D	delete to end of line
cw	change a word
cc	change the whole line
.	repeats the last delete or change command
J	joins the current line with the next one
r\<x>	replaces the character under the cursor with \<x>
q\<x>	Start recording a macro in register x
q	Stop recording the macro
:digraphs	show available digraph symbols

Searching¶

Special characters: *[]ˆ%/\?~$ has special meaning.

command	description
/\<string>	search \<string>
/\<Enter>, n	find next result
N	find last result
/\<Up>	last search history
/\<Down>	next search history
:set hlsearch	highlight any strings found matching the search pattern
:set nohlsearch	turn off search highlighting
:nohlsearch	clear the current highlighting
:set incsearch	turn on incremental searches
:set noincsearch	turn off incremental searches
?	searches backward. ? and n commands work together

Text Blocks and Multiple Files¶

command	description
p	paste the text before the cursor
m\<a>	marks the place under the cursor as mark \<a>
`\<a>	go to mark \<a>
:marks	list all marks
yy, Y	yanks the current line into the buffer (copy operation)
y`\<a>	copy text between current cursor and mark \<a>
\<n>Y	yank n lines into the registers
!\<motion> \<command>	It runs the system command represented by command, giving it the block of text represented by motion as input. The output of this command then replaces the selected block.
!10Gsort	The result is that the sort program is run on the first 10 lines. The output of the programreplaces these lines.
!!ls	This puts the output of the ls command into current line.
!!date	This puts the output of the date command into current line.
	For !!ls and !!date Using !! like this is technically not filtering because commands like ls and date don’t read standard input.
:vi file	edit another file
	The :e command can be used in place of :vi
:write	save current file
:vi! file.txt	force Vim to discard your changes and edit the new file using the force (!) option
:view file	the new file is opened in read-only mode
vim \<file1> \<file2> \<...>	edit multiple files. By default, Vim displays just the first file.To edit the next file, you need to change files using the :next command
:next	edit the next file
:wnext	save file and edit the next file
:next!	edit the next file
:set autowrite	turn on auto write.
:set noautowrite	turn off auto write
:2 next	excute :next twice
:args	displays the list of the files currently being edited
:previous :Next	edit the previous file
:wprevious	save file and edit the previous file
:wNext	save file and edit the previous file
:rewind :first	edit the first file
:last	edit the last file
ctrl+^	switch editing from the current file to the alternate file
\<n>ctrl+^	switch to \<n>th file

Window && Buffer¶

command	description
:split	open a new window. You can view two different parts of a file simultaneously.
ctrl+ww	switch window
ctrl+wj	go down a window
ctrl+wk	go up a window
ctrl+wc \<br/> ZZ \<br/>:q	close current window
:split \<file>	open a new window and edit given \<file>
:split +/printf three.c
:3 split \<file> :3split \<file>	Controlling Window Size. opens a new window three lines high.
:count split +command file	count:The size of the new window in lines. (Default is to split the current window into two equal sizes.) +command: An initial command. file: The name of the file to edit. (Default is the current file.)
	This is a summary for split
:new	open a new window and edit new file. The :new command works just like the :split command.
:sview	The :sview command acts like a combination of :split and :view
ctrl w+	increases the window size by count (default = 1).
ctrl w-	decreases the window’s size by count (default = 1).
\<n> ctrl w	makes the current window n lines high
:hide	hide a window. ( But Vim still knows that you are editing this buffer)
:buffers	find a list of buffers
	explanation for buffer: The first column is the buffer number. The second is a series of flags indicating the state of the buffer. The third is the name of the file associated with the buffer. The state flags are as follows: - Inactive buffer. h Buffer is hidden. % Current buffer. # Alternate buffer. + File has been modified.
:buffer number	Selecting a Buffer by number
:buffer file	Selecting a Buffer by file name
:sbuffer number	splits the window and starts editing the buffer
:bnext	Go to the next buffer.
:count bnext	Go to the next buffer count times.
:count sbnext	Shorthand for :split followed by :count bnext.
:count bprevious :count bNext	Go to previous buffer. If a count is specified, go to the count previous buffer.
:count sbprevious :count sbNext	Shorthand for :split and :count bprevious
:blast	Go to the last buffer in the list.
:sblast	Shorthand for :split and :blast.
:brewind	Go to the first buffer in the list.
:sbrewind	Shorthand for :split and :rewind.
:bmodified count	Go to count modified buffer on the list.
:sbmodified count	Shorthand for :split and :bmodified.
:set hidden	If the option hidden is set, files that leave the screen do not become inactive; instead they automatically become hidden.

Basic Visual Mode¶

command	description
v	starts a character-bycharacter visual mode.
V	starts linewise visual mode.
ctrl V	block visual mode
:help v_d	help on the commands that operate in visual mode
\<Esc> ctrl c	Leaving Visual Mode
>	indents the selected lines by one “shift width"
<	reverse to >
ctrl V then Istring\<Esc>	inserts the text on each line starting at the left side of the visual block
ctrl V then c \<Esc>	change each line in the visual block
ctrl V then r\<character> \<Esc>	replace the selected characters with a single character
ctrl V then > \<Esc>	The command > shifts the text to the right one shift width The < command removes one shift width of whitespace at the left side of the block
:help v_b_r	Help r command in Visual Block Mode

Commands for Programmers¶

command	description
:syntax on	turns on syntax coloring
:set filetype=c	tells Vim which type of syntax highlighting to use
>>	shifts the current line one shift width to the right
<<	shifts the current line one shift width to the left
:set shiftwidth=4	set shiftwidth
5<<	shifts 5 lines
<motion	shifts each line from the current cursor location to where motion carries you.
=motion	indents the selected text using Vim’s internal formatting program.
[CTRL-I ]CTRL-I	Search for a word under the cursor in the current file and any brought in by #include directives. The [CTRL-I command jumps to the word under the cursor. The search starts at the beginning of the file and also searches files brought in by #include directives. The ]CTRL-I does the same thing, starting at the cursor location.
gd gD	Search for the definition of a variable. gd for local variable and gD for global variable.
]CTRL-D [CTRL-D	Jump to a macro definition. The [CTRL-D command searches for the first definition of the macro The ]CTRL-D command searches for the next definition of the macro
]d [d ]D [D	Display macro definitions. The [d command displays the first definition of the macro whose name is under the cursor. The ]d command does the same thing only it starts looking from the current cursor position and finds the next definition. The ]D and [D commands list all the definitions of a macro.
%	The % command is designed to match pairs of (), {}, or [], /*, #ifndef, #if
>%	Shifting a Block of Text Enclosed in {}
1. Position the cursor on the first {. 2. Execute the command >i{.	This shift right command (>) shifts the selected text to the right one shift width. In this case, the selection command that follows is i{, which is the “inner {} block” command.
1. Position the cursor on the left or right curly brace. 2. Start visual mode with the v command. 3. Select the inner {} block with the command i}. 4. Indent the text with >.	indent a block using visual mode
K	The K command runs a UNIX man command using the word under the cursor as a subject.
:tag function	go to a function definition
:tags	The :tags command shows the list of the tags that you have traversed through
CTRL-T	The CTRL-T command goes the preceding tag.
:tag	jump forward that many tags on the list
:stag tag	You can split the window using the :split command followed by the :tag command.
:tag /\<regular expression>	Finding a Procedure When You Only Know Part of the Name

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